The matrimonial legacy of Ahoms and Konyak Nagas: Tale of exile in Nagaland's Tanhai village

In the heart of the Naga Hills lies a village rich with history and legend, Bura Namsang in Nagaland's Longleng district, just 47 kilometers from Sivasagar. This village holds the secrets of a profound connection between the Assamese and the Naga people, forged during a time of political turbulence in the 17th century. At the center of this tale is Ahom King Gadadhar Singh, who spent two years in hiding within the village's treacherous cave, escaping the wrath of Sulikphaa, also known as Lora Roja.

Gadadhar Singh's refuge in Bura Namsang is more than a mere historical footnote; it is a testament to the enduring bond between two distinct cultures. The villagers of Bura Namsang claim that Gadadhar Singh, known locally as Lengi Gadapani, found sanctuary in the cave, a seemingly small entrance that opens into a spacious 15-20 feet wide and long interior. This hidden cave, with its secret path leading to the Dikhou River, provided a perfect hiding spot, shielding him from his enemies.

The relationship between the Assamese and the Naga Konyaks, particularly those of the Konyak tribe, also the head hunters during that period, blossomed during Gadadhar Singh's stay. This connection is symbolized by the gifts sent by Gadadhar Singh to the villagers after the death of Jekja, gifts that are still meticulously preserved. Among these are the 'Khyam Balya', an instrument played to invite rain, various gems, a Kheklai book, and an idol of Ilandin or Phubatabab, all of which are cherished by the people of Namsang.

The historical narrative of Gadadhar Singh's time in Burha Namchang also includes the cultural exchanges he initiated. One significant tradition he introduced was the offering of Ora Pan to guests, a practice that continues to this day. This gesture of hospitality highlights the deep respect and affection that developed between the Ahom king and the Naga people.

Gadadhar Singh's story is interwoven with many fascinating anecdotes. The villagers recount how Gadapani, as he was also known, lived in the Apaktung cave ('kola sorai baah' in Assamese or the black bird's dwelling) and utilized the secret path to the Dikhou River for safe passage. This route confirms the strategic significance of the location and the clever use of the natural landscape for protection.

Furthermore, Gadadhar Singh's matrimonial alliance with Watlong, the daughter of Rang, the chief of Tanhai village in Mon district, about 40 kilometers from Bura Namsang, strengthened these bonds. This relationship is commemorated in the various treasures preserved in Tanhai, including items from Gadapani and Watlong, reflecting the intertwined histories of the Assamese and the Naga people.

The tales of Gadapani's exile also highlight the bravery and support of the Naga warriors. The Namsang villagers recall how their ancestors fought against the Mans on behalf of Gadadhar Singh during the Ahom kingdom's invasion, symbolizing the solidarity and friendship that developed during his time in hiding. The meat knives taken from the defeated Mans are still kept as proof of these historical events.

While these stories are well-preserved in oral traditions, there is a pressing need for further historical studies and archaeological research to uncover more details and validate these claims. The Apaktung Cave and the relics in Tanhai village hold significant historical value and offer a unique glimpse into the era of Gadadhar Singh's exile.

After reclaiming his throne as Swargadeo, Gadadhar Singh's gratitude towards the Naga people remained evident. The spiritual and cultural ties established during his time in Burha Namchang continued to influence relations between the Assamese and the Naga communities. Even today, some descendants of this historical alliance can be found in Hahchara Naga village, near Garhwal, representing the lasting friendship that began centuries ago.

During his visit to the Hornbill Festival in Kohima on December 1, 2016, Assam Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal highlighted the historical connection between Assam and Nagaland. He reminded the audience that centuries ago, an Ahom king married a Naga woman, giving rise to the town of Naginimora in Nagaland’s Mon District.

Many are unaware of the story behind Naginimora’s name. According to elderly Konyak residents, in the 16th or 17th century, an Ahom King Gadadhar Singha took refuge in Wakching Village and adopted the local name Pongyong Tekshai. He fell in love with and married Watlong Wangya from Tanhai Village.

Fulfilling her last wish, Gadadhar Singha buried Watlong in Konyak land, where the town of Naginimora now stands.