Assam's Battle for Rhinos: Challenges of Poaching and Conservation

Feb 6, 2024

Rhino poaching in Assam dates back to the late 1800s, with reports of relentless hunting leading to a significant decline in the population. By 1908, the population in Kaziranga had decreased to around 12 individuals.

Historical Impact

Poaching for rhinoceros horn emerged as the primary cause for the decline of Indian rhinos, even after conservation measures were implemented in the early 20th century. From 1980 to 1993, 692 rhinos were poached in India.

Reasons for Decline

Various methods of killing rhinos have been recorded, including shooting, trapping in pits, electrocuting near powerlines, poisoning, and using a noose for strangulation.

Methods of Poaching

The illegal rhino horn trade has been a major challenge, with some Vietnamese buyers believing the horn can cure cancer. Despite being removed from Traditional Chinese Medicine lists in 1993, rhino horn is still sold in Vietnam due to rumors of its healing properties.

Illegal Trade and Beliefs

Numbers don't lie, and the rhinos in Assam have faced a grim reality since 1962. The consistent poaching of these majestic creatures emphasizes the pressing severity of the issue over the years.

Statistics

By the mid-1990s, poaching had driven the rhino population in India's Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary to extinction.

Extinction in Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary

The forest department of Assam proposed dehorning rhinos as a preventive measure in 2014. However, the decision faced opposition from environmentalists and NGOs.

Methods of Prevention

As of 2014, the Assam government considered dehorning rhinos as a preventive measure, seeking public opinion through a committee. By 2022, Assam achieved a significant milestone by recording zero poaching of endangered rhinos for the first time in nearly 45 years, showcasing the success of conservation efforts.

Government Initiatives and Success