Feb 1 , 2024
Founded by Dadabhai Naoroji, this English-language paper championed Swaraj and criticized British policies. It faced frequent shutdowns by the Raj but remained influential.
Edited by C.R. Das, this English paper advocated for Hindu-Muslim unity and self-rule. It faced closures and fines for its criticisms of the British.
Edited by Mahatma Gandhi, this weekly in English and Gujarati promoted non-violent resistance and social reform. The Raj briefly banned it during the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Founded by G.K. Gokhale, this English-language daily advocated social reform and moderate nationalism. It faced temporary closures by the Raj.
Founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, this Marathi daily advocated for Swaraj and criticized British rule. It faced numerous bans and fines for its fiery editorials.
Founded by Lala Lajpat Rai, this Urdu daily advocated for Hindu-Muslim unity and self-rule. It faced closures and threats from the Raj.
Founded by K.C. Mahindra and later edited by C. Rajagopalachari, this English paper promoted Gandhian ideals and self-rule. It faced temporary closures for criticizing the Raj.